gcloud manages two sets of credentials, your personal credentials and application default credentials. Having two separate credentials might seem redundant and can cause surprises the first time you use one of the Google Cloud client libraries. But the two credentials serve different purposes.
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Google APIs use OAuth 2.0 for authentication and authorization. To call an API, you first have to obtain an access token for the right scope and then pass it to the respective API by using the Authorization HTTP header.
But the trouble with access tokens is that they are short-lived, and you somehow have to deal with expiring tokens…
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Once you’ve signed in on google.com, the
Cloud Console, or any other Google site,
your browser session remains valid for multiple days. Not being prompted to sign
in over and over again is convenient and at least in typical consumer scenarios,
the risk that comes along with keeping the session is limited.
Things can look different in a corporate scenario where users might have access
to sensitive data. Keeping sessions alive for 14 days (which is the default)
might seem a little risky and might not be in line with an enterprise’s idea
of security. G Suite Business and Cloud Identity Premium therefore allow you to
change the default session length
to a different period such as 8 hours. This setting applies to all Google services, not only GCP.